(1) Leaf Spring: Composed of multiple steel plates of unequal length and curvature stacked together. After installation, both ends naturally bend upwards. In addition to its buffering effect, the leaf spring also has a certain damping effect, and when arranged longitudinally, it also has a guiding and force-transmitting function. Non-independent suspensions mostly use leaf springs as elastic elements, eliminating the need for guiding devices and shock absorbers, resulting in a simple structure.
(2) Coil Spring: Only has a buffering effect and is mostly used in independent suspension systems for passenger cars. Since it lacks damping and force-transmitting functions, it must be equipped with a dedicated shock absorber and guiding device.
(3) Gas Spring: Uses gas as the elastic medium and liquid as the force-transmitting medium. It not only has good buffering capacity but also damping effect, and can also adjust the height of the chassis, making it suitable for heavy vehicles and buses.
(4) Torsion Bar Spring: One end of a torsion bar made of spring rod is fixed to the chassis, and the other end is connected to the wheel through a swing arm. It utilizes the torsional deformation of the torsion bar when the wheel bounces to provide a buffering effect, making it suitable for independent suspensions.
